Researchers have some reassuring news for the legions of coffee drinkers who can't get through the day without a latte, cappuccino, iced mocha, double-shot of espresso or a plain old cuppa joe: That coffee habit may help you live longer.
A new study that tracked the health and coffee consumption of more than 400,000 older adults for nearly 14 years found that java drinkers were less likely to die during the study than their counterparts who eschewed the brew. In fact, men and women who averaged four or five cups of coffee per day had the lowest risk of death, according to a report in Thursday's edition of the New England Journal of Medicine.
The research doesn't prove that coffee deserves the credit for helping people live longer. But it is the largest analysis to date to suggest that the beverage's reputation for being a liquid vice may be undeserved.
"There's been concerns for a long time that coffee might be a risky behavior," said study leader Neal Freedman, an epidemiologist with the National Cancer Institute who drinks coffee "here and there." "The results offer some reassurance that it's not a risk factor for future disease."
Coffee originated in Ethiopia more than 500 years ago. As it spread through the Middle East, Europe and the Americas, its popularity was tempered by concerns about its supposed ill effects. A 1674 petition by aggrieved women in London complained that coffee left men impotent, "with nothing moist but their snotty noses, nothing stiff but their joints, nor standing but their ears," according to the book "Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World."
In more modern times, the caffeinated beverage has been seen as "a stimulating substance, a commonly consumed drug," said Rob van Dam, an epidemiologist at the National University of Singapore who has investigated the drink's health effects but was not involved in the latest study.
"People get somewhat dependent on it," van Dam said. "If you try to rapidly reduce coffee consumption, you get headaches or other symptoms."
The National Coffee Association estimates that 64 percent of American adults drink coffee on a daily basis, with the average drinker consuming 3.2 cups each day. To get a deeper understanding of the risks and benefits of all that joe, the National Cancer Institute researchers turned to data on 402,260 adults who were between the ages of 50 and 71 when they joined the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study in 1995 and 1996. The volunteers were followed through December 2008 or until they died _ whichever came first.
When the team first crunched the numbers, coffee seemed to have a detrimental effect on longevity. But people who drink coffee are more likely to smoke, and when the scientists took that into account (along with other demographic factors), the opposite appeared to be true.
Compared with men who didn't drink any coffee at all, those who drank just one cup per day had a 6 percent lower risk of death during the course of the study; those who drank two to three cups per day had a 10 percent lower risk, and those who had four to five cups had a 12 percent lower risk. For men who drank six cups or more, the apparent benefit waned slightly, with a 10 percent lower risk of death during the study compared with men who drank no coffee.
The relationship between coffee and risk of death was even more dramatic in women. Those who drank one cup per day had 5 percent lower odds of dying during the study compared with women who drank none. Those who consumed two or three cups a day were 13 percent less likely to die, those who downed four or five cups were 16 percent less likely to die, and those who drank six or more cups had a 15 percent lower mortality rate.
The effect held across a number of causes of death _ including heart disease, respiratory disease, stroke and diabetes _ but not cancer, the researchers found. And the link was stronger in coffee drinkers who had never smoked.
The correlation even held for people who mostly drank decaf brew, the researchers found.
"If these are real biological effects, they seem to (have) to do with the substances in coffee that are not caffeine," van Dam said. Other compounds in the coffee could be linked to the lower death rates, he said _ or there could be no causal relationship at all.
And, van Dam added, the researchers didn't make distinctions between different types of drinks. Unfiltered brews like Turkish coffee or Scandinavian boiled coffee have been shown to raise cholesterol and could present very different results from the current study if examined separately, he said.
To prove that coffee deserves the credit, researchers could study each of the 1,000-odd compounds in the brew and test them on subjects over time to see if they reduced inflammation, improved the body's sensitivity to insulin or caused any other useful biological effects, he said.
Two cups of coffee per day may decrease odds of developing heart failure
(Credit:
iStockphoto)(CBS News) Could two cups of coffee a day keep the heart doctor away? A new study shows that your daily cup of joe might provide that health benefit.
The study, published in Circulation Heart Failure, shows that, to a point, moderate coffee drinking may significantly lower the risk of heart failure. But don't overdo it - the study also found excessive coffee drinking may increase the chance of getting major heart problems.
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"While there is a commonly held belief that regular coffee consumption may be dangerous to heart health, our research suggests that the opposite may be true," said senior study author Dr. Murray Mittleman, director of the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, in a press release.
Heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer pump blood to the rest of the body and its most commonly caused by coronary artery disease, a narrowing of the blood vessels that provide oxygen and blood to the heart.
Looking at five studies of coffee consumption in Sweden and Finland that involved 140,200 people and 6,522 heart failure events, researchers determined that four northern European servings of coffee a day - about two commercial 8-ounce cups of coffee in the U.S. - helped prevent heart failure by 11 percent. But, when people consumed 10 northern European servings of coffee daily - about four to five average U.S. cups of coffee - the opposite effect was observed.
The strength of the brew was not accounted for, but typically European coffee is stronger than coffee consumed in the U.S. Also, there was no indication whether the subjects were drinking caffeinated or decaffeinated drinks, though most of the coffee that's consumed in the study areas tend to contain caffeine.
Currently, the American Heart Association says that people who have had heart problems shouldn't drink more than one or two cups of caffeinated beverages a day. The study authors hope this new evidence may change that.
"This is good news for coffee drinkers, of course, but it also may warrant changes to the current heart failure prevention guidelines, which suggest that coffee drinking may be risky for heart patients," Elizabeth Mostofsky, lead study author and research fellow at Beth Israel, said in the press release." It now appears that a couple of cups of coffee per day may actually help protect against heart failure."
While the study didn't look at why drinking coffee may provide health benefits, it has been proven that coffee drinkers increased tolerance to caffeine may put them at a decreased risk of developing high blood pressure as well as a lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
"Diabetes and hypertension are among the most important risk factors for heart failure, so it stands to reason that reducing one's odds of developing either of them, in turn, reduces one's chance of heart failure," Mittleman said in the press release.
HealthPop reported in May on a study of 400,000 people that found men who drank two to three cups of coffee each day were 10 percent likely to die at any age from any cause and women were 13 percent less likely to die, compared with their coffee-free counterparts.